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HORTICULTURE III (PLANT HEALTH) BHT104

Course CodeBHT104
Fee CodeS2
Duration (approx)100 hours
QualificationStatement of Attainment
Distance Education Course: Plant Health
 Develop a firm understanding of plant health, the systematic identification of health problems in plants, and the techniques for control of those problems.

A sick plant may have one or several causes at the same time.

There are thousands of possible causes which can contribute to a plant's problems. More often than not, there are several factors involved. Minor diseases or environmental problems may weaken the plant, making it susceptible to some more major (obvious) disorder. When you inspect a plant for problems, you should systematically consider all of the things which might possibly be going wrong. This course provides the foundation for inspecting diagnosing and treating all types of problems.

 

Lesson Structure

There are 10 lessons in this course:

  1. Introduction
    • Pests
    • Diseases
    • Common terminology
    • Diagnosing problems systematically
    • Tell tale symptoms
    • Conducting an inspection: four steps
    • Pest or disease reviews
  2. Overview of Preventative Controls
    • Introduction
    • Methods of pest management
    • Integrated pest management
    • Cultural control
    • Using disease resistant varieties
    • Crop rotation
    • Timed planting
    • Mulching
    • Cleanliness
    • Biological control
    • Types of biological controls
    • Beneficial plants
    • Trap or decoy plants
    • Pheromone traps
    • Physical controls
    • Traps
    • REpellants
    • Mulching
    • Pruning
    • Wounds
    • Chemical controls
    • Understanding pesticides
    • Safely storing chemicals
    • Safely mixing chemicals
    • Legalities
    • Plant breeding for resistance
    • Sources and causes of resistance
    • Adaptability, resistance and pest variability
  3. Insecticides
    • Types of insecticides: systemich, stomach poisons, contact poisons, etc
    • Inorganics, botanicals, organophosphates, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids
    • Characteristics of insecticides: toxicity, spectrum, LD50, persistence, volatility, etc.
    • Golden rules for handling pesticides
    • Terminology
  4. Other Pesticides
    • Chemical Pesticides: introduction
    • Review of common pesticides
    • Soil treatment for control of diseases
    • Soil pests
    • Types of fumigtants
    • Systemic fungicides
    • Comparative toxicities
  5. Spray Equipment
    • Types of sprayers
    • Uses of sprayers
    • Spray terminology
    • Sprayer maintenance and cleaning
    • Selecting a sprayer
    • Calibration
    • Using chemicals: agitation, clean up and disposal
    • Basic first aid with chemical pesticides
    • Response to liquid or powder spills
    • Keeping records
    • Misters, Dusters, Blowers
    • Pesticides and the environment
  6. Insect Biology
    • Insect classification: orders, sub classes
    • Insect anatomy: mouthparts, legs, etc
    • Lifecycle
    • Feeding habits
    • Practical project: Insect collecting, preserving, identifying, for an insect collection
    • Common insects that a gardener encounters
    • Ants
    • Aphis
    • Beetles
    • Borers
    • Bugs
    • Caterpillars
    • Cockroaches
    • Crickets
    • Earwigs
    • Fleas
    • Flies
    • Galls (caused by insects)
    • Grasshoppers
    • Ladybirds (good and bad)
    • Leaf hoppers
    • Leaf miners
    • Lerps
    • Mealy bug
    • Mosquitos
    • Scale insects
    • Termites
    • Thrips
    • Wasps
    • Whitefly
  7. Fungal Biology
    • What causes disease
    • Symptoms of disease
    • Lifecycle of a disease: inoculation, penetration, infection, growth and reproduction, dissemination
    • Fungi groups: obligate saprophytes, obligate parasites, facultative saprophytes, facultative parasites
    • Expanded concept of tree decay
    • Chemical pesticides in the UK and Europe
    • Common diseases
    • Anthracnose
    • Bitter pit
    • Blights
    • Botrytis
    • Canker
    • Cinnamon fungus
    • Club root
    • Damping off
    • Galls
    • Gummosis
    • Leaf curl
    • Leaf spot
    • Melanose
    • Mildews
    • Rots
    • Rust
    • Scab
    • Silver leaf
    • Spot
    • Smut
    • Sooty mould
    • Wilts
  8. Environmental Problems
    • Common environmental problems
    • Foliage burns
    • Pollution
    • Lack of water
    • Drainage problems
    • Frost
    • Hail
    • Shade
    • Temperature
    • Wind
    • Symptoms of nutritional deficiencies
    • Air pollution
    • The plant and water
    • Non parasitic problems in turf (lawns)
    • Ways to provide environmental protection to plants
  9. Viruses
    • Overview
    • Symptoms
    • Detection and diagnosis of viruses
    • Control
    • Examples of virus diseases
  10. Nematodes, Molluscs and Crustaceans
    • Overview
    • Millipedes
    • Plant nematodes
    • Nematodes in citrus
    • Red spider mites
    • Spiders
    • Slaters or wood lice
    • Snails and slugs

Each lesson culminates in an assignment which is submitted to the school, marked by the school's tutors and returned to you with any relevant suggestions, comments, and if necessary, extra reading.

Aims

  • Identify the characteristics of pests and diseases of plants.
    • Explain methods for the control of pests and diseases.
    • Describe the characteristics of a range of different pesticides, including insecticides
    • and fungicides.
    • Explain the selection and use of spray equipment appropriate for different
    • specified tasks.
    • Describe aspects of the biology of an insect which are relevant to pest control.
    • Describe aspects of the biology of an fungus which are relevant to disease control.
    • Explain how inappropriate environmental conditions can affect plant health.
    • Identify the characteristic signs of a range of non-insect pests,
    • and select appropriate control methods.

For books related to this subject click here to visit the ACS online bookshop

WHAT THE COURSE COVERS

Here are just some of the things you will be doing:

Develop a checklist for determining the significance of pests and diseases, which addresses different criteria including:

  • short term impact
  • long term impact
  • economic impact
  • aesthetic impact.

Distinguish between the main types of plant diseases, including:

  • fungal
  • viral
  • bacterial.

Create a standard worksheet for reviewing pest and disease problems of plants.

Diagnose twenty different problems (ie. pests or diseases), documenting the problem on a standard pest/disease review worksheet.

Describe different ways to control pests and diseases, including:

  • Application of chemicals
  • Plant selection
  • Companion planting
  • Cultural techniques (i.e. improving ventilation, improving drainage)
  • Physical control (i.e. pruning, hand removal, trapping, hosing off).

Explain how plant breeding has been used to improve pest/disease resistance in two different plant species.

Explain three biological control methods for dealing with specific problems.

Develop an IPM strategy for a specific situation such as a crop or garden, considering:

application procedures, remedial action and monitoring.

Describe plant hygiene practices for a specific situation such as a crop, nursery or garden, in line with industry practice, enterprise guidelines and sound management practice.

Recommend control methods for five different pest and/or disease problems which you diagnose.

List safety procedures to follow when handling pesticides.

Distinguish between the main groups of pesticides, including:

  • organo-phosphates
  • synthetic pyrethroids
  • carbamates
  • chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Explain the difference between the action of systemic and non-systemic pesticides.

Explain maintenance practices, including cleaning, for a specified sprayer.

List three different uses for each of three types of sprayers, including a motorised pump sprayer, a knapsack and a PTO driven tractor mounted sprayer.

Compare six different sprayers, in terms of:

  • cost
  • applications
  • maintenance
  • spare parts
  • ease of use
  • safety.

Explain the application of chemicals in a given situation, including:

  • Calibration
  • Mixing chemicals
  • Equipment operation
  • Safety measures
  • Post spray procedures such as cleaning, and storage of chemicals).

Describe the minimum records which should be kept when spraying pesticides.

Prepare a labelled diagram showing the structural parts of an insect.

Prepare an insect collection of at least fifteen insects of significance to agriculture or horticulture.

Identify to genus level, the insects collected.

Compare the structural differences between three different types of insects.

Describe the lifecycle of an insect species.

Explain how an understanding of insect lifecycle can be applied to pest control.

Describe the lifecycle of one fungal disease species.

Explain the physiology of tree decay processes, including compartmentalisation.

Explain aspects of fungal biology, for different types of fungi, which are of horticultural significance,  including:

  • Phytophthora
  • Sclerotinia rot
  • Peach leaf curl (Taphrina deformens)
  • Powdery Mildew
  • Pythium.

List environmental problems which affect plant health and their symptoms.

Describe the affect of air pollution on two different plants.

Identify nutritional deficiency symptoms in three specified situations.

Develop a fertiliser program in response to a specified nutritional problem.

Distinguish between the affects of water deficiency and water excess on plant health.

Explain how to diagnose damage by various non-insect pest problems, including:

  • Nematodes
  • Slugs and snails
  • Mites
  • Millipedes
  • Larger animals such as rabbits, rodents or birds.

Explain how to control different non-insect pests with both chemical and non-chemical methods.

 

REASONS TO STUDY WITH ACS DISTANCE EDUCATION

  • Reputation:
      -teaching Horticulture since 1979
      -exceptional faculty staff (see below)
  • Hands on: develop practical as well as theoretical skills
  • Uniqueness:
      -successful people are always those who can offer a skill or service that others can't
      -this course is different; our graduates have different skills to set them apart.
  • Relevance -curriculum developed in response to industry needs
  • Lots of help: personal, prompt attention from tutors
  • Holistic Courses: We teach more than just "facts"
      -success is only 20% about intelligence (and what you know)
      -you also need to build networking, problem solving & communication skills, and more!
      -this course helps you develop all of these things and more
  • Value: courses compare very favorably on a cost per study hour basis
  • Up to date: courses under constant review
  • Student amenities: This school is backed by over one of the most unique and comprehensive private collections of intellectual property in the horticultural industry. The principal and staff have written and published over 50 books and 150 gardening magazines, as well as 20,000 hours horticultural study programs. A team of 5 horticultural writers continue to develop and update new material continually. These resources together with web sites, an online student room, social media etc. provide a unique and comprehensive facility to support students studying with the school.


OUR FACULTY
These are just some of the people involved with developing and updating courses; and tutoring our horticulture students

John Mason Dip.Hort.Sc.
40 years + in horticulture Graduated from Burnley Horticultural College in 1971,Nurseryman, Landscape Designer and Parks Director through the 1970's. One of Australia's most published garden writers, author of books published by Simon and Schuster, Harper Collins, CSIRO and other major publishers; Editor for 4 different national gardening magazines; honored as a fellow of both the Institute of Horticulture in Australia and the Institute of Horticulture in the UK.

Gavin Cole B.Sc., M.Psych.
30 years + in horticulture. Renowned horticulturist and psychologist. Former operations manager for the highly regarded "Chelsea Gardener" landscape firm in London, garden writer and landscaper in both Brisbane and Adelaide in Australia.

Maggi Brown
40 years + in horticulture. Former education manager for "Garden Organic"; England's peak organic gardening and farming body.

Dr Lyn Morgan Phd
25 years + in horticulture. New Zealand based hydroponic consultant and author, with experience working everywhere from Asia to America.

Rosemary Davies Dip.Hort.Sc.
30 years + in horticulture; including Victorian Department of Agriculture Gradening Advisor, Gardening Editor/writer/author for major publishers and newspapers.

Diana Cole  B,A., RHS Dip Hort, NTEC Higher Dip in Garden Design
15 years + in horticulture and landscaping

Adriana Fraser Adv.Dip.Hort.
30 years + in horticulture. Consultant, teacher, garden write, manager of plant collections

Bob James B.App.Sc(Hort), M. Env.Sc., Grad.Dip.Mgt., PDC, Dip.An.Husb.

Yvonne Sharpe  Dip.Hort., M.Hort.

Martin Powdrill  B.Sc(Hons), M.Sc. PDC

Marie Beerman  B.Sc., M.Hort.  


 
 
REFERENCE BOOKS
ACS operates a student bookshop that supplies a range of horticulture texts to supplement our courses.
Many are written by the principal (well known gardening author John Mason), or other staff. All have been reviewed and approved by our academic experts (to be accurate and relevant to students studying our horticulture courses).
  • Student discounts are available to anyone studying with ACS Distance Education.
  • Both printed books and ebooks (as downloads) available
 
GARDEN DESIGN Part I  by John Mason (publisher ACS)  EBook
GARDEN DESIGN Part 2  by John Mason (publisher ACS)  EBook
STARTING A GARDEN OR LANDSCAPE BUSINESS 2nd Edition  by John Mason  (publisher: ACS)  EBook http://www.acsbookshop.com/products/2241-starting-a-garden-or-landscape-business-pdf.aspx
 
GROWING TREES and SHRUBS for SMALL GARDENS by John Mason

TROPICAL and WARM CLIMATE GARDENING  by John Mason (publisher Bay Books)  Printed Book
ORCHIDS: A BEGINNERS GUIDE by John Mason  (publisher: Highland House)  Printed Book
TREES and SHRUBS FOR WARM PLACES  by John Mason (publisher ACS)   E Book
GROWING CONIFERS   by John Mason (publisher: Kangaroo Press)  Printed book

GROWING  FERNS by John Mason (publisher: Kangaroo Press)  Printed book
 
TROPICAL PLANTS by John Mason (publisher ACS)   E Book
http://www.acsbookshop.com/products/2248-tropical-plants-pdf.aspx
NURSERY MANAGEMENT 2nd Edition by John Mason (publisher :andlinks Press)  Printed Book
GROWING AUSTRALIAN NATIVES 2nd edition  Printed Book

 
STARTING A NURSERY OR HERB FARM 3rd edition by John Mason   (publisher: ACS)  EBook http://www.acsbookshop.com/products/2242-starting-a-nursery-or-herb-farm-pdf.aspx
 
GROWING AND USING VEGETABLES and HERBS  by John Mason  (publisher: Kangaroo Press)  Printed Book
COMMERCIAL HYDROPONICS 3rd Edition  by John Mason  (publisher: ACS)  Ebook
  • Click on above link for info
  • Sample pages available to download for all ebook
  • E Books can be purchased online for immediate download (Can be read on a computer, ipad, iphone, lap top, most book readers or similar devices).
  • GO TO www.acsbookshop.com for more titles